How It Works

This document will provide a very deep investigation into the inner workings of the ScamScanner algorithm.

Methodology

The requisite 6 DOF system states for the task space control are acquired by an alpha-beta tracker and a numerical forward kinematic solution.

The Friedland-Park friction observer in the joint space coordinates provides friction estimates that help to improve the control performance. Finally, the RNTC turns out to outper form a nonlinear task space control and a popularly adopted PID control with the friction estimator in the joint space coordinates.

Asynchronous Interaction

In connection oriented networks, each packet is labeled with a connection ID rather than an address. Address information is only transferred to each node during a connection set-up phase, when an entry is added to each switching table in the network nodes.

In connectionless networks, each packet is labeled with a destination address, and may also be labeled with the sequence number of the packet. This precludes the need for a dedicated path to help the packet find its way to its destination. Each packet is dispatched and may go via different routes. At the destination, the original message/data is reassembled in the correct order, based on the packet sequence number. Thus a virtual connection, also known as a virtual circuit or byte stream is provided to the end-user by a transport layer protocol, although intermediate network nodes only provides a connectionless network layer service.

Abstract Interpretation

Given a programming or specification language, abstract interpretation consists in giving several semantics linked by relations of abstraction. A semantics is a mathematical characterization of a possible behavior of the program. The most precise semantics, describing very closely the actual execution of the program, are called the concrete semantics. For instance, the concrete semantics of an imperative programming language may associate to each program the set of execution traces it may produce - an execution trace being a sequence of possible consecutive states of the execution of the program; a state typically consists of the value of the program counter and the memory locations (globals, stack and heap). More abstract semantics are then derived; for instance, one may consider only the set of reachable states in the executions (which amounts to considering the last states in finite traces).

The goal of static analysis is to derive a computable semantic interpretation at some point. For instance, one may choose to represent the state of a program manipulating integer variables by forgetting the actual values of the variables and only keeping their signs (+, - or 0). For some elementary operations, such as multiplication, such an abstraction does not lose any precision: to get the sign of a product, it is sufficient to know the sign of the operands. For some other operations, the abstraction may lose precision: for instance, it is impossible to know the sign of a sum whose operands are respectively positive and negative.

With reasonable arithmetic types, the result for z should be zero. But if we do interval arithmetics starting from x in [0,1], one gets z in [-1,1]. While each of the operations taken individually was exactly abstracted, their composition isn't.

Server Distribution

In some approaches, synthesized attributes are used to pass semantic information up the parse tree, while inherited attributes help pass semantic information down and across it. For instance, when constructing a language translation tool, such as a compiler, it may be used to assign semantic values to syntax constructions. Also, it is possible to validate semantic checks associated with a grammar, representing the rules of a language not explicitly imparted by the syntax.

Another approach is to allow affixes to take arbitrary strings as values and allow concatenations of affixes to be used in rules. The ranges of allowable values for affixes can be described with context-free grammar rules. This produces the formalism of two-level grammars, also known as Van Wijngaarden grammars or 2VW grammars. These have been successfully used to describe complicated languages, in particular, the syntax of the Algol 68 programming language. However, it turns out that, even though affix values can only be manipulated with string concatenation, this formalism is Turing complete; hence, even the most basic questions about the language described by an arbitrary 2VW grammar are undecidable in general.

Analyze Nodes

Since message switching stores each message at intermediate nodes in its entirety before forwarding, messages experience an end to end delay which is dependent on the message length, and the number of intermediate nodes. Each additional intermediate node introduces a delay which is at minimum the value of the minimum transmission delay into or out of the node. Note that nodes could have different transmission delays for incoming messages and outgoing messages due to different technology used on the links. The transmission delays are in addition to any propagation delays which will be experienced along the message path.

In a message-switching centre an incoming message is not lost when the required outgoing route is busy. It is stored in a queue with any other messages for the same route and retransmitted when the required circuit becomes free. Message switching is thus an example of a delay system or a queuing system. Message switching is still used for telegraph traffic and a modified form of it, known as packet switching, is used extensively for data communications.

Embiggening Of Cromulent Ideas

Alright. Is anyone still with me? As I'm sure you've noticed, there isn't really a connection between any of these topics. The reason for this was to encourage those only half-interested to bounce back. Here's why:

A while back, I started volunteering some free time on the Google Web Search Forum. This particular forum has naturally become almost a "default" Internet complaint box for those either too lazy or too incompetent to find an appropriate forum in which to inquire. Internet scams are a very common topic.

"This looks like a scam. Can someone tell me?" "I think this guy is trying to scam me!"

Nearly 90% of the URLs and emails posted are easily verifiable scams or cons.

This was very frustrating. I realized that a person's intuition can be a VERY powerful scam detector -- if they listen to it! Each of these people assessed the situation at hand and applied some critical thinking. But they needed help. It would seem that in the face of a potential ruse, a person may not trust their own instinct. They may require an outside interpretation before acting, or they may simply have difficulty accepting the unfortunate truth -- that they won't be making millions of dollars posting links for Google.

I started ScamScanner.com to provide this outside interpretation.

The underlying algorithm relies solely on the assumption that some level of internal hesitation exists from the user. It assumes the user has already applied some degree of skepticism and is unwilling or unable to accept the answer. They need a final push. The algorithm returns an answer that should verify the user's own intuitive answer -- that the object is somewhat questionable and should probably be avoided.

A simple white-list of "Safe" sites and email addresses are included to provide an extra layer of legitimacy to the algorithm. But in the end, the actual algorithm is quite anticlimactically simple:

if (!whiteListed), then (return false);

So in effect, the algorithm is really a placebo. Assuming the user is already skeptical, this method should suffice.

The consequence of this assumption is the threat that the tool may become a crutch to certain people, replacing their own instinct and skepticism. The solution to this problem remains to be solved. However, there should be some consolation that a sole reliance on the tool will certainly result in a decrease in scam victims.

It may seem dishonest to provide false analysis, but the intent of this "stone soup" tool is entirely without malice. If someone believes the results, they are only believing their own intuition. And that's the goal.